ORIGINAL ABSTRACT

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most-used herbicides worldwide. Concerns about their toxicity and ecotoxicity have motivated scientists to assess their potential effects on animals, as well as their toxicokinetic parameters in rats and humans. However, to our knowledge, such data have not been produced for avian models. In this study, toxicokinetic parameters for glyphosate and AMPA were calculated after one unique dietary exposure (40 mg of glyphosate equivalent per kg) and one unique intravenous injection of a GBH, in hens and roosters respectively. Non compartmental analysis was used to show the evolution of glyphosate and AMPA plasma concentrations over time. After one unique intravenous injection of a glyphosate-based herbicide, glyphosate and AMPA were quickly eliminated from plasma and were poorly distributed (Vssglyphosate = 0.30 L/kg). Their terminal half-lives are 4.7 h and 8.10 h, respectively. After dietary exposure, glyphosate and AMPA followed a 6 h absorption phase followed by a 42 h elimination phase. They were poorly distributed (Vssglyphosate = 0.00562 L/kg), and their maximum concentrations (Cmax) were 21285 µg/L and 108 µg/L, respectively. Their terminal elimination half-lives were 8.94 h and 6.93 h, respectively. Taken together, this study provides new data on the elimination rate and approximate biological half-life range of glyphosate in birds.