ORIGINAL ABSTRACT

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are extensively applied in agriculture to enhance crop yields, yet the excessive residues of multiple OPPs pose significant threats to ecosystems and human health. However, most existing methods focus on either detection or removal, making them insufficient for addressing complex and dynamically evolving practical scenarios. Herein, a multifunctional fluorescent sensor array aerogel based on ratiometric metal-organic frameworks (Ru@ZrMOFs) was developed for the first time, enabling the simultaneous capture, identification, and detection of multiple OPPs. This sensor array effectively identified and discriminated three structurally similar OPPs (fenitrothion (FTT), methyl parathion (MPT), and glyphosate (GPS)), as well as their binary and ternary mixtures at different concentration ratios. Blind validation assays achieved 100% recognition accuracy for unknown samples. In addition, the constructed sensor array demonstrated excellent anti-interference capability for the quantitative analysis of OPPs in complex river water samples, yielding recovery rates ranging from 84.43% to 105.49%. These results were consistent with those obtained by HPLC, confirming the practicality and reliability of the sensor array. More importantly, the aerogel array exhibited remarkable adsorption performance toward OPPs, with maximum adsorption capacities of 220.89 mg/g, 212.66 mg/g, and 192.69 mg/g for FTT, MPT, and GPS, respectively. Therefore, this ratiometric fluorescent MOFs-based multifunctional nanocomposite provides an innovative strategy with great potential for the simultaneous adsorption and monitoring of multiple harmful residues.